基于MISR多角度光学遥感影像的海面风速估算实验          下载免费PDF全文

王艺霖  王晓林  张华国 《海洋学研究》2018,36(2):19-26

太阳耀光是来自粗糙海面的直接太阳反射光,其强度与海面粗糙度密切相关,而海面粗糙度主要受海面风场影响。因此,包含太阳耀光信息的光学遥感影像在海洋动力过程和海面风速探测中具有积极意义。本文利用2016年2月到2017年3月期间成像的25幅Terra卫星MISR(Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer)传感器的多角度遥感影像,分别提取了太阳的高度角和方位角、正视和后视影像的卫星观测角、方位角等信息,校正获得正视和后视影像的太阳耀光辐射强度,进一步反演海表面粗糙度信息,进而计算海面风速。最后利用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)的模式风速数据与反演获得的风速结果进行对比验证。结果表明,两者的相关系数较高(R=0.745),均方根误差和平均绝对偏差值分别为1.514 m·s^-1和1.319 m·s^-1。初步实验结果表明,利用MISR多角度光学遥感影像估算海表面风速是可行性的。  相似文献   

Three dimensional numerical simulation of residential building on shrink–swell soils in response to climatic conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Xiong Zhang  Jean‐Louis Briaud 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(13):1369-1409

Shrink–swell soils can cause distresses in buildings, and every year, the economic loss associated with this problem is huge. This paper presents a comprehensive system for simulating the soil–foundation–building system and its response to daily weather conditions. Weather data include rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, all of which are readily available from a local weather station or the Internet. These data are used to determine simulation flux boundary conditions. Different methods are proposed to simulate different boundary conditions: bare soil, trees, and vegetation. A coupled hydro‐mechanical stress analysis is used to simulate the volume change of shrink–swell soils due to both mechanical stress and water content variations. Coupled hydro‐mechanical stress‐jointed elements are used to simulate the interaction between the soil and the slab, and general shell elements are used to simulate structural behavior. All the models are combined into one finite element program to predict the entire system's behavior. This paper first described the theory for the simulations. A site in Arlington, Texas, is then selected to demonstrate the application of the proposed system. Simulation results are shown, and a comparison between measured and predicted movements for four footings in Arlington, Texas, over a 2‐year period is presented. Finally, a three‐dimensional simulation is made for a virtual residential building on shrink–swell soils to identify the influence of various factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

太湖水量平衡影响因素分析及误差控制措施研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

申金玉  石亚东  高怡  莫李娟  陈润 《水文》2011,31(3):60-63

本文在搜集2001~2008年太湖水量平衡中各个计算要素的基础上,分析计算太湖水量平衡的绝对误差及相对误差。究其原因,误差产生的影响因素主要有测验手段、风浪、巡测线内的产流、农业用水等。根据对影响因素分析,本文有针对性地提出了误差控制措施,重点是要加强测验手段及频次,从而减小水量平衡误差,为太湖水量分配方案提供更加精准的数据基础和依据。  相似文献   

四川盆地古近纪沙漠沉积特征及古风向意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘立安  姜在兴 《地质科技情报》2011,30(2):63-68

基于前人研究成果,通过野外地质调查、室内分析测试对四川盆地古近系柳嘉组红层沉积物的性质、结构、原生沉积构造及石英颗粒表面结构进行了系统分析,分析结果进一步证明了本区古沙漠的存在.将其沙漠沉积分为沙丘和丘间两种沉积类型,对丘间又细分为干丘间和湿丘间,针对不同的沉积类型也明确了相应的识别标志.通过对沙丘前积层倾向的测量,重...  相似文献   

Noble Gas Diffusion Mechanism in Lunar Soil Simulant Grains:Results from ~4He~+ Implantation and Extraction Experiments     

付晓辉  邹永廖  郑永春  贺怀宇  欧阳自远 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2011,(5)

Experiments on ion implantation were performed in order to better characterize diffusion of noble gases in lunar soil.4He+ at 50 keV with 5×1016 ions/cm2 was implanted into lunar simulants and crystal ilmenite.Helium in the samples was released by stepwise heating experiments.Based on the data,we calculated the helium diffusion coefficient and activation energy.Lunar simulants display similar 4He release patterns in curve shape as lunar soil,but release temperatures are a little lower.This is probably a con...  相似文献   

Development and application of an operational tide and storm surge prediction model for the seas around Taiwan     

尤皓正  于嘉顺 《中国海洋工程》2011,25(4):591-608

Storm surges are abnormal rises in sea level along coastal areas and are mainly formed by strong wind and atmospheric depressions.When storm surges coincide with high tide,coastal flooding can occur.Creating storm surge prediction systems has been an important and operational task worldwide.This study developed a coupled tide and storm surge numerical model of the seas around Taiwan for operational purposes at the Central Weather Bureau.The model was calibrated and verified by using tidal records from seas around Taiwan.Model skill was assessed based on measured records,and the results are presented in details.At 3-minute resolution,tides were generally well predicted,with the root mean-square errors of less than 0.11 m and an overall correlation of more than 0.9.Storms(winds and depressions) were introduced into the model forcing by using the parameter typhoon model.Five typical typhoons that threatened Taiwan were simulated for assessment.The surges were well predicted compared with the records.  相似文献   

0903号台风“莲花”的风结构分析     

张加春  饶灶鑫  陈煜  蔡巧晖 《台湾海峡》2011,30(4):507-511

通过对0903号台风“莲花”在登陆福建晋江并沿着海岸线北上过程中的沿海自动站逐时实况风场资料的分析,研究了该台风的风结构状况,得到以下结论：（1）台风近中心最大风速预报值比实测风速偏小,台风7级风半径则比实际的偏大．（2）实测2min平均风速最大值（Vmax）总体上呈减弱趋势,与时间（t）的回归方程式为：Vmax=28．9—0．61t（n=16,r=0．78,r005=0．50）．（3）台风最大风速半径（R）呈逐渐扩大的趋势,与时间（t）的回归方程式为：R=28．28—4．98t＋0．67t。（n=16,r=0．95,r0.05=0．50）．（4）台风最大风速区位于台风后部．认识台风风结构,有助于不断地提高预报的准确性．  相似文献   

黄海暖流的路径及机制研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

赵胜  于非  刁新源  司广成 《海洋科学》2011,35(11):73-80

利用NASA/AVHRR 反演的每日海表面温度资料, 法国航天局AVISO 发布的海表面高度资料,中国气象科学数据共享服务网成山头台站的日均风场资料, 首先对黄海海表面温度分布进行了分析,揭示了表征黄海暖流的暖水舌存在两个分支。然后对1981 年10 月～2010 年5 月这两个分支发生情况进行了统计, 得出两个分支并...  相似文献   

1003号台风“灿都”风暴潮特征分析与模拟     

张娟  冯伟忠  李广敏  许炜铭 《海洋通报》2011,30(4):367-370

根据粤西沿海4个海洋站潮位资料分析、讨论了“灿都”台风风暴潮特征:利用改进的Jelesnianski风场,并采用耦合天文潮模拟与非耦合天文潮两种方案,对1003号台风“灿都”进行模拟、分析,模拟结果显示:在改进的杰氏风场驱动下,两种预报结果误差都比较小,但耦合天文潮预报结果优于非耦合天文潮预报结果.  相似文献   

0915号台风"巨爵"不同风场资料对比研究     

王文娟  梁昌霞  李广敏  俞胜宾  冯伟忠  吴迪生 《海洋预报》2011,28(2):9-17

0915号台风"巨爵(Koppu)"于2009年9月巧日07时在广东台山登陆,给受灾地区人民生命财产安全造成了巨大的损失.为研究台风风场各计算方法的准确度,本文利用多种计算模型,以及海洋站的实测风速,对各方法得到的风场结构、各站最大风速和风速过程曲线等进行了对比分析.结果表明:MM5预报风场在台风中心计算强度偏小,但比...  相似文献